Reference

The largest eyes on Earth

Rubin, Keck, the VLT and the ELT — ground telescopes far larger than anything in orbit, and the reason that is true. None of these are for sale either.

Also see the telescopes that left Earth.

8 observatoriesNot for saleOrdered by aperture

Arecibo Observatory

305000 mm

A 305-metre dish built into a Puerto Rican sinkhole that could not point at anything — and, for fifty-seven years, heard more than anything else on Earth.

Arecibo, Puerto RicoFirst light 1963Collapsed 1 December 2020Read the specs →

Extremely Large Telescope

39000 mm

A 39-metre mirror being assembled on a Chilean mountaintop from 798 hexagons — larger than every other optical telescope on Earth combined.

Cerro Armazones, Atacama Desert, ChileUnder constructionRead the specs →

Gran Telescopio Canarias

10400 mm

The largest single optical aperture working anywhere on Earth — 10.4 metres of mirror on a volcanic ridge above the Atlantic.

Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma,…First light July 2007OperationalRead the specs →

W. M. Keck Observatory

10000 mm

Two ten-metre telescopes whose mirrors are not mirrors at all, but thirty-six hexagons each, held in formation to a fraction of a wavelength.

Maunakea, HawaiʻiFirst light 1990-11-24OperationalRead the specs →

Vera C. Rubin Observatory

8360 mm

An 8.4-metre survey telescope that photographs the entire southern sky every few nights, for ten years, to find what changed.

Cerro Pachón, ChileFirst light 2025-06-23OperationalRead the specs →

Very Large Telescope

8200 mm

Four 8.2-metre telescopes on a Chilean ridge that can observe separately, or combine their light into one instrument no single mirror could be.

Cerro Paranal, Atacama Desert, ChileFirst light 1998-05-25OperationalRead the specs →

Hale Telescope

5100 mm

The 200-inch that held the record for forty-five years, still working on a California mountain, and still the telescope every larger one was measured against.

Palomar Mountain, CaliforniaFirst light 1949-01-26OperationalRead the specs →

Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

Sixty-six antennas on a plateau five kilometres above sea level, which together resolve detail as a single dish sixteen kilometres wide would.

Chajnantor plateau, Atacama Desert, ChileFirst light March 2013OperationalRead the specs →

And the ones that left Earth

Hubble, JWST and Chandra gave up aperture for a sky with no atmosphere in the way. Same specifications, a very different trade.

Read about the space telescopes →Browse telescopes you can buy