Reference

The largest eyes on Earth

Rubin, Keck, the VLT and the ELT — ground telescopes far larger than anything in orbit, and the reason that is true. None of these are for sale either.

Also see the telescopes that left Earth.

Arecibo Observatory

305000 mm

A 305-metre dish built into a Puerto Rican sinkhole that could not point at anything — and, for fifty-seven years, heard more than anything else on Earth.

Arecibo, Puerto RicoFirst light 1963Collapsed 1 December 2020

Extremely Large Telescope

39000 mm

A 39-metre mirror being assembled on a Chilean mountaintop from 798 hexagons — larger than every other optical telescope on Earth combined.

Cerro Armazones, Atacama Desert, ChileUnder construction

Gran Telescopio Canarias

10400 mm

The largest single optical aperture working anywhere on Earth — 10.4 metres of mirror on a volcanic ridge above the Atlantic.

Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma, Canary IslandsFirst light July 2007Operational

W. M. Keck Observatory

10000 mm

Two ten-metre telescopes whose mirrors are not mirrors at all, but thirty-six hexagons each, held in formation to a fraction of a wavelength.

Maunakea, HawaiʻiFirst light 1990-11-24Operational

Vera C. Rubin Observatory

8360 mm

An 8.4-metre survey telescope that photographs the entire southern sky every few nights, for ten years, to find what changed.

Cerro Pachón, ChileFirst light 2025-06-23Operational

Very Large Telescope

8200 mm

Four 8.2-metre telescopes on a Chilean ridge that can observe separately, or combine their light into one instrument no single mirror could be.

Cerro Paranal, Atacama Desert, ChileFirst light 1998-05-25Operational

Hale Telescope

5100 mm

The 200-inch that held the record for forty-five years, still working on a California mountain, and still the telescope every larger one was measured against.

Palomar Mountain, CaliforniaFirst light 1949-01-26Operational

Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

Sixty-six antennas on a plateau five kilometres above sea level, which together resolve detail as a single dish sixteen kilometres wide would.

Chajnantor plateau, Atacama Desert, ChileFirst light March 2013Operational